Alternative chromatographic system for the quality control of lipophilic technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals such as [99mTc(MIBI)6]+

Knowledge of the radiochemical purity of radiopharmaceuticals is mandatory and can be evaluated by several methods and techniques. Planar chromatography is the technique normally employed in nuclear medicine since it is simple, rapid and usually of low cost. There is no standard system for the chromatographic technique, but price, separation efficiency and short time for execution must be considered. We have studied an alternative system using common chromatographic stationary phase and alcohol or alcohol:chloroform mixtures as the mobile phase, using the lipophilic radiopharmaceutical [99mTc(MIBI)6]+ as a model. Whatman 1 modified phase paper and absolute ethanol, Whatman 1 paper and methanol:chloroform (25:75), Whatman 3MM paper and ethanol:chloroform (25:75), and the more expensive ITLC-SG and 1-propanol:chloroform (10:90) were suitable systems for the direct determination of radiochemical purity of [99mTc(MIBI)6]+ since impurities such as99mTc-reduced-hydrolyzed (RH),99mTcO4- and [99mTc(cysteine)2]-complex were completely separated from the radiopharmaceutical, which moved toward the front of chromatographic systems while impurities were retained at the origin. The time required for analysis was 4 to 15 min, which is appropriate for nuclear medicine routines.

Synthesis, radioiodination and biodistribution evaluation of 5-[2-amimo-4-styryl pyrimidine-4-yl]-4-methoxybenzofuran-6-ol

This study describes the organic synthesis of 5-[2-amimo-4-styryl pyrimidine-4-yl]-4-methoxy benzofuran-6-ol [SPBF] as an example of a benzofuran derivative used as a new series of amyloid imaging agents. These benzofuran derivatives may be useful amyloid imaging agents for detecting B-amyloid plagues in the brain of Alzheimer's disease. The precursor is 1-[6-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzofuran-5-yl]-phenyl butadiene ketone, which react with guanidine hydrochloride. The purification process was done via crystallization using solvent ethanol. The overall yield was 75% and the structure of the synthesized compound was confirmed by correct analytical and spectral data. Also, The synthesized compound was labeled with radioactive iodine -125 via electrophilic substitution reaction, in the presence of iodogen as an oxidizing agent, the labeling process was carried out at 95°C for 20min. The radiochemical yield was determined by using a thin layer chromatography and the yield was equal to 80%. Preliminary an in-vivo study examined normal mice after intravenous injection through the tail vein and the data showed the labeling compound was quickly cleared from most body organs. The radioiodinated compound showed high brain uptake. The results of this study suggest that radioiodinated [SPBF] may be useful as a brain imaging agents

Validação do método de análise capilar preconizado por hugo platz para o controle de qualidade de tinturas-mães / Validation of Hugo Platz´s method of capillary analysis for quality control of mother tinctures

Um dos insumos mais utilizados na manufatura de medicamentos homeopáticos é a tintura-mãe. Um método aparentemente útil para o controle de qualidade das tinturas-mães é a análise capilar. Este método analítico, tornado público no início do século passado por Hugo Platz, caiu em desuso após o advento de técnicas cromatográficas mais modernas. Embora empregue técnicas simples e de baixo custo, não há estudos de validação da análise capilar. O presente ensaio teve por objetivo validar o método de análise capilar utilizado no controle de qualidade de tinturas-mãe. Para tanto foram obtidos os espectros capilares das tinturas-mãe de Aconitum napellus L., Strychnos nux vomica L. e Anemone pulsatilla L. provenientes de fornecedores nacionais qualificados pela Associação Brasileira de Farmacêuticos Homeopatas. Os atributos avaliados foram precisão, reprodutibilidade e seletividade. Os resultados alcançados recomendam a utilização do método de análise capilar, conforme proposto por Platz, nas análises qualitativas de tinturas-mãe.

Mother tinctures are one of the most common starting materials used in the elaboration of homeopathic medicines. Capillary analysis seems a useful method for quality control of mother tinctures. This method was publicized in the beginning of the 20th century by Hugo Platz to fell into disuse following the development of the modern chromatographic techniques. Despite the simple techniques involved, and the low cost of the overall method, no studies of validation have yet been performed of Platz´s capillary analysis. The present study sought to validate capillary analysis for quality control of mother tinctures. The capillary spectra of mother tinctures of Aconitum napellus L., Strychos nux vomica L. e Anemone pulsatilla L. provided by Brazilian suppliers certified by the Brazilian Association of Homeopathic Pharmacists were obtained. The attributes evaluated were accuracy, reproducibility and selectivity. The results allow recommending the use of capillary analysis as formulated by Platz for qualitative analysis of mother tinctures.

[Leaf flavonoids of Chrozophora neck [Euphorbiceae] members in Markazi province using chromatographical methods]

Flavonoids are as one set of the polyphenolic compounds among secondary metabolites in different organs of plants that are used in plant chemotaxonomy and pharmacognosy. They have basic role in pollination and life cycle of anthmophyllus plants and also their spreading abroad and survival. The aim of this study was to compare the leaf flavonoids profiles of Chrozophora Neck populations in Markazi Province, Iran. Phytochemical studies on 25 collected Chrozophora populations of 2 species [C. hierosolymitana and C. tinctoria: Euphorbiaceae family] from different parts of Markazi Province area were done using 2-dimentional paper chromatography [2-DPC] and thin layer chromatography [TLC]. Voucher specimens of each population were prepared for reference as herbarium vouchers. Results showed all of populations contain flavonoid sulphates, flavone C and C-/O-glycosides and aglycon. Also all of studied populations have apigenin and quercetin while rutin was just found in 4 populations of C. tinctoria species that is recorded first time for Markazi Province. All of studied populations have flavonoid compounds that have variation in their flavonoid type and number

Cloning and expression of S-Adenosyl Methionine Synthetase gene in recombinant E. coli strain for large scale production of SAMe

S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) Synthetase is an enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of S-Adenosyl Methionine using methionine and ATP. It is also known as AdoMet which is well known methyl donor, which modifies DNA, RNA, histones and other proteins, dictating replicational, transcriptional and translational fidelity, mismatch repair, chromatin modeling, epigenetic modifications and imprinting. The objective of the present work is to clone the SAMe Synthetase gene in recombinant E. coli strain in order to express, characterize and purify it for further synthesis of SAMe in a large scale fermentation. Expression was induced by 1 mM IPTG and expressed protein was characterized by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant E. coli cells were used for the production of SAMe through batch and fed batch fermentation operations. The produced SAMe was purified through paper chromatography in order to use it in our future studies.

Herramientas no invasivas en Venezuela: comparación entre las pruebas inmunoserológicas DAT, rK26 y rK39 en el diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral / Non invasive diagnostic tools for visceral leishmaniasis: a comparison of the immunoserological tests DAT, rK26 and rK39

Introducción. La leishmaniasis visceral constituye un problema de salud pública en los países en donde es endémica por ser potencialmente letal, principalmente en niños. El diagnóstico rápido es importante en el control de la enfermedad. Objetivo. Comparar las pruebas inmunocromatográficas rK39 (rK39 dipstick, Kalazar detect test, Inbios Internacional Inc.), ELISA rK26 y la prueba de aglutinación directa (Kit Biomedical Research) en relación con la prueba de ELISA rK39, como herramientas serodiagnósticas para la leishmaniasis visceral en Venezuela.Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 50 muestras séricas de pacientes positivos por la prueba ELISA rK39, provenientes de diferentes zonas endémicas: Nueva Esparta, Lara, Anzoátegui y Trujillo; se incluyeron 17 muestras de voluntarios sanos y 25 de pacientes con otras enfermedades. Se utilizó la prueba ELISA rK39 como método de referencia, considerándola como patrón de referencia imperfecto, a partir del cual se determinaron los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad, razón de verosimilitud y valores diagnóstico positivo y negativo en las demás pruebas evaluadas. Resultados. Todas las pruebas mostraron una fuerte correlación (p<0,0001) con la ELISA rK39. La aglutinación directa y la prueba inmunocromatográfica rK39 presentaron altos valores de sensibilidad, 89,74% (IC95% 81,34-98,15) y 94,15% (IC95% 87,65-100), respectivamente, y de especificidad, 81% (IC95% 79,96-99,51) y 100% (IC95% 100-100). La prueba ELISA rK26, a pesar de poseer buena especificidad, 99% (IC95% 95,17-100), tuvo baja sensibilidad, 37% (IC95% 23,41-50,15). Conclusión. Las pruebas de aglutinación directa y la prueba inmunocromatográfica rK39 presentaron los mayores valores de sensibilidad y especificidad. Ambas son simples, económicas y fácilmente aplicables. Por ello, son recomendables para efectuar un diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral eficaz y precoz en Venezuela.

Introduction. Human visceral leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in endemic countries because of its high potential lethality, particularly in children. Rapid diagnosis is essential to early treatment and control of visceral leishmaniasis.Objective. The aim was to compare three serodiagnostic tools for human visceral leishmaniasis. Materials and methods. Three methods were compared: the rK39 dipstick (Kalazar detection test, Inbios International Inc.), ELISA rK26 and direct agglutination test (DAT) (KIT Biomedical Research). Fifty serum samples from patients positive for rK39 ELISA were compared from four endemic provinces in Venezuela: Nueva Esparta (Margarita island), Lara, Anzoátegui and Trujillo. Additional serum samples from 17 healthy volunteers and 25 patients with other diseases were included. The rK39 ELISA served as the baseline standard method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratio were calculated for each test. Results. All methods had a positive correlation with rK39 ELISA (p<0.0001). They showed high sensitivity and specificity. The direct agglutination test and the rK39 dipstick showed high sensitivity values, 89.7% (95% CI: 81.34.0-98.2%) and 94.2% (95% CI: 87.7-100%), respectively, and high specificity, 81.0% (95% CI: 80.0-99.5%) and 100%. The rK26 ELISA showed good specificity, 99% (95% CI: 95.2-100%), but a very low sensitivity, 37% (95% CI: 23.4-50.2%). Conclusion. Overall results indicated that DAT and rK39 dipstick have the highest specificity and sensitivity. Both are simple, cost-effective and field applicable tests. Therefore, they are recommended for early and accurate diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

Identification and quantification of anthocyanin pigments in colored rice

Anthocyanin pigments from varieties of black, red and wild rice were identified and quantified to evaluate their potential as nutritional function, natural colorants or functional food ingredients. Anthocyanin extraction was conducted with acidified methanol with 0.1M HCl (85:15, v/v) and identification of anthocyanin, aglycone and sugar moieties was conducted by comparison with purified standards by HPLC, Ultraviolet-Visible absorption spectrophotometer and paper chromatography. Black and wild rice showed three different types of pigments by HPLC whereas red rice variety did not show any anthocyanins. Out of three pigments detected, one (peak 2) was characterized as cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) by comparison of spectroscopic and chromatographic properties with an authentic standard, and another (peak 3) was tentatively identified as cyanidin-fructoside on the basis of spectroscopic properties with lambdamax of aglycone in 1% HCl methanol at 537 nm, electrospray ionization mass spectra with major ions at 449 and 287 m/z and chromatographic properties. But another pigment (peak 1) has not been characterized. The most abundant anthocyanin in black and wild rice was C3G.

Phenotypic plasticity in Passiflora suberosa L.(Passifloraceae): induction and reversion of two morphs by variation in light intensity / Plasticidade fenotípica em Passiflora suberosa L. (Passifloraceae): indução e reversão de duas formas pela variação na intensidade luminosa

Leaf morphology may vary considerably even within a branch of Passiflora suberosa plants. Leaves are of a typical green type in shaded areas, but in open fields turn into violet, and apparently have greater thickness and trichome density. The proximate causes and the adaptive meaning, if any, for the existence of the violet morph are still unknown. By cultivating P. suberosa clones under two light regimes (total and partial exposure to sunlight), we consecutively induced (first year) and then reversed (second year) the appearance of the violet morph. We evaluated the corresponding changes in morpho-anatomic and chemical leaf characteristics. Plants that were grown under partial sunlight had a greater size and did not alter their green color, but those grown under total sunlight changed into violet, were smaller in size and their leaves were tougher, thicker, and had a greater number of trichomes. The violet morph had increased anthocyanins and phenolic derivatives. It also showed cellular hypertrophy, a greater number of cell layers in the mesophyll, and a lignified pericycle. Since these morphs are interchangeable by changing light conditions, we inferred that they are not determined by genotypic diversity, but are mainly a result of a physiological response to light stress, and thus part of P. suberosa phenotypic plasticity.

A morfologia das folhas de Passiflora suberosa pode variar consideravelmente mesmo dentro dos ramos de um dado espécime. P. suberosa ocorre tipicamente em áreas sombreadas e as folhas são verdes. Porém, em áreas abertas, onde há maior incidência de luz solar, as folhas são de coloração roxa, aparentemente mais duras e com grande densidade de tricomas. As possíveis causas e o significado adaptativo da manifestação destas características ainda são desconhecidas. Com base no cultivo de clones de P. suberosa sob dois regimes de luz solar (incidência total e parcial), nós consecutivamente induzimos (primeiro ano) e então revertemos (segundo ano) o aparecimento da forma roxa. As mudanças nas características morfológicas e químicas das formas verde e roxa foram avaliadas. As plantas que foram cultivadas sob incidência parcial de luz solar apresentaram maior tamanho dos ramos e não alteraram a cor verde das folhas. As plantas que foram cultivadas sob incidência total dos raios solares apresentaram coloração roxa, maior dureza, espessura e pilosidade. A forma roxa apresentou alto teor de antocianinas e derivados fenólicos. As plantas exibiram hipertrofia celular, maior número de camadas celulares no mesofilo e lignificação do periciclo. Considerando que as formas são intercambiáveis perante a mudança na intensidade luminosa, nós inferimos que elas não resultam da diversidade genotípica, mas sim de uma resposta fisiológica ao estresse luminoso e, dessa forma, parte da plasticidade fenotípica de P. suberosa.

Preparation and Animal Imaging of 153Sm-EDTMP as a Bone Seeking Radiopharmaceutical / 대한핵의학회잡지

PURPOSE: Ethylenediamine-tetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP) has widely used chelator for the labeling of bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals complexed with radiometals. 153Sm can be produced by the HANARO reactor at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejon, Korea. 153Sm has favourable radiation characteristics T1/2=46.7 h, beta max=0.81 MeV (20%), 0.71 MeV (49%), 0.64 MeV (30%) and gamma=103 keV (30%) emission which is suitable for imaging purposes during therapy. We investigated the labeling condition of 153Sm-EDTMP and imaging of 153Sm-EDTMP in normal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EDTMP 20 mg was solved in 0.1 mL 2 M NaOH. 153SmCl3 was added to EDTMP solution and pH of the reaction mixtures was adjusted to 8 and 12, respectively. Radiochemical purity was determined with paper chromatography. After 30 min. reaction, reaction mixtures were neutralized to pH 7.4, and the stability was estimated upto 120 hrs. Imaging studies of each reaction were perfomed in normal rats (37 MBq/0.1 mL). RESULTS: The labeling yield of 153Sm-EDTMP was 99%. The stability of pH 8 reaction at 60, 96 and 120 hr was 99%, 95%, 89% and that of pH 12 at 36, 60, 96 and 120 hr was 99%, 95%, 88%, 66%, respectively. The 153Sm-EDTMP showed constantly higher bone uptake from 2 to 48 hr after injection. CONCLUSION: 153Sm-EDTMP, labeled at pH 8 reaction condition, has been stably maintained. Image of 153Sm-EDTMP at 2, 24, 48 hr after injection, demonstrate that 153Sm-EDTMP is a good bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals.

Prueba bioquímica al recién nacido / Biochemical test for the newborn

En estudios realizados del screening metabólico se han detectado en nuestra área muestras incorrectas que han sido rechazadas y por tanto ha sido necesaria su repetición. Se explican los objetivos, propósitos y requisitos para la realización de la técnica, y se enumeran los criterios de la OMS para que una enfermedad entre en el plan de screening. Igualmente, se ofrece una actualización acerca de una de las enfermedades que entran en el pesquisaje del screening endocrinometabólico

Fingerprint analyses of fructus Forsythiae / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide application basis of the Forsythia suspensa by studying the difference of HPLC-FP of F. suspensa fructification (medicinal materials).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Comparative work was done on F. suspensa produced in different areas, on different parts of Forsythia suspensa, and on the pseudo preducts with methods of HPLC-FP.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Different FP characteristics were shown respectively by different samples, which were from different producing areas, from different parts, and the pseudo products including the fructification of Syringa reticulata var. and F. viridissimac.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The FP can be used to distinguish the F. suspensa coming from different producing areas and different sources.</p>

Leaf Exudates of Vicia faba and their Effects on Botrytis fabae and Some Associated Fungi

Analysis of leaf exudates of Vicia faba using paper chromatography to identify individual amino acids and sugars qualitatively was investigated. The results revealed that the number of identified amino acids detected in the leaf exudates of the susceptible plants was more than those of resistant plants. The results also showed an increase in the number of amino acids exuded by infected leaves, but no marked difference in sugars of infected and non infected plants. Lithium chloride application led to decrease in amino acid and sugar contents. The number of amino acids and sugars was also decreased with leaf age. Botrytis fabae and the selected fungal species (Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger) were used to show the effect of individual amino acid and sugar on their spore germination. It was observed that all amino acids stimulated the fungal spore germination except serine which inhibited its spore germination. In case of A. alternata, spore germination was stimulated by all amino acids except serine, alanine, glutamic acid, arginine and methionine which caused the inhibition. In case of F. oxysporum, aspartic and glutamic acids inhibited spore germination but the other amino acids stimulated its spore germination. Aspartic acid and phenyl alanine inhibited the spore germination of A. niger. All the identified sugars (galactose, glucose, fructose and rhamnose) stimulated spore germination of all tested fungi.

Homocystinuria with congenital/developmental cataract.

The aim of the study is to screen patients for homocystinuria with and without cataract and analyse for homocystine and methionine. Fifty-eight samples from 29 patients, i.e., plasma and urine collected after overnight fasting were analysed by the screening test for homocystine, and paper chromatography for homocystine and methionine. Out of 29 homocystinuric patients, 24 had cataract. Only one had appreciable amounts of methionine in his serum. He also had mental retardation as expected and belongs to Type I. The other types did not have methionine but had only homocystine. There was no mental retardation or ectopia lentis. So they belonged to Types II, III or IV. As there is excess methionine in Type I, with low cystine, cataract may be due to deficiency of cysteine and reduced glutathione and might be averted by suitable therapy, i.e., high cystine-low methionine diet with B6. In other types with low methionine, cataract may be due to decreased availability of amino acids for the synthesis of lens proteins; the treatment of choice should be B12, and folate with methionine.

Quality control of baccharis trimera (less.) dc. (asteraceae) hydroalcoholic extracts / Quality control of baccharis trimera (less.) dc (asteraceae) hydroalcoholic extracts

Control de calidad de extractos hidroalcohólicos de baccharis trimera (less) dc (asteraceae), la parte aérea de baccharis trimera (less) dc, utilizada comomateria prima vegetal en la preparación de productos fitoterápicos, fué analizada por métodos botánicos, químicos, fisicoquímicos y tecnológicos. Se preparó el extracto hidroalcohólico y se comparó su calidad con la de un extracto acuoso, a través de ensayos sensoriales y fisicoquímicos. Para determinar la calidad de los extractos se empleó cromatografía en papel, en capa fina, líquida al vacío y líquida de alta resolución, utilizándose como sustancias marcadoras la eupatorina y la 3-O-metilquercetina. Con excepción de la cromatografía en capa fina, el resto de las técnicas cromatográficas mencionadas, demostraron ser adecuadas para el control de la calidad de extractos de Baccharis trimera

Purification Siderophore from Vibrio mimicus ATCC 33653 and its Effect to Bacterial Pathogenecity

Growth under conditions of iron-restriction and the production of siderophore was examined in Vibrio mimicus ATCC 33653. This strain grew and multiplied in the presence of the high-affinity iron chelators ethylenediamine-di (o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid). Chrorne azurol S (CAS) agar and solution were used to detect the production of siderophore under these condition. Siderophore could be detected in the iron-rcstricted culture supernatants. The siderophore was extracted from iron-restricted culture supernatants by phenol-chloroform-ether method and purified by Dowex ion-exchange and Sephadex G-25 gel filtracton chromatography. The purified siderophore was confirmed by paper chromatography and HPLC. The Purified siderophore enhanced the growth of V. mimicus when the bacterium was grown in iron limited medium. Injection of both the siderohore and the bacteria to mice resulted in more rapid death than that of the only bacteria. However, the siderophore did not show lethality to mice and any toxicity to cell line like HeLa and U937.

Ribonuclease production by Aspergillus species

Ribonuclease production by Aspergillus flavipes, A. sulphureus And A. fischeri in semisynthetic medium, after 24-144 hours at 30§C under shaking, was studied. After cultivation, the medium was separated from micelia by filtration and the resultant solution was used as enzymatic extract. The highest amount of biomass and RNase was obtained after 96 hours of cultivation. The enzymes produced by three species presented similar characteristics, with optimum temperature at 55§C and two peaks of activity at pH 4.5 and 7.0. A. flavipes RNases were more sensitive to temperatue: 50(per cent) of the initial activity was lost after 1 hour at 70§C. After this heat treatment, RNase of A. sulphureus lost 30(per cent) of this activity and that of A. fischeri only 16(per cent). The nucleotides released by enzimatic hydrolysis of RNA were separated by ion exchange chromatography in a AG-1X8-formiate column and identified by paper chromatography. This procedure indicated that the raw enzymatic extract of Aspergillus flavipes is able to hydrolyze RNA, releasing 3'-nucleotides monophosphate at pH 4.5 and 3'and 5'-nucleotides monophosphate at pH 7.0 and 8.5. This result suggests that this strain produces two different types of RNase, one acidic and other alcaline, with different specificities

Marcación de un anticuerpo monoclonal con 99mTc por medio del grupo 99cTcN: evaluación de un modelo biológico / 99mTC labeling of a monoclonal antibody via a 99mTcN group: a biological model evaluation

El anticuerpo monoclonal (AcMo) anti-CEA B2C114 fue marcado con 99mTc utilizando uno de los métodos directos de marcación, en el cual la proteína (AcMo IgG1) se reuce utilizando una solución de Ditiotreitol (DTT) para generar grupos sulfhidrilos, uniendo el 99mTc a los mismos a través del anión [99mTcNCl4]- preparado por calentamiento a reflujo de pertecneciato en presencia de azida sódica y HCl conc. El exceso de DTT se eliminó pasando el AcMo reducido por Sephadex G-25 y del mismo modo se realizó la purificación del anticuerpo marcado. Las cromatografías en TLC y Whatman Nº1 usando Metanol 85 por ciento y solución fisiológica como solventes, mostraron una actividad unida a proteínas entre 55-60 por ciento, obteniéndose luego de la purificación por Sephadex G-25 un producto con 90-95 por ciento de pureza radioquímica. Se realizó la biodistribución en ratones Balb/c a las 21 h post inyección obteniéndose una relación de 2:1 de la dosis inyectada por gramo de tejido, con respecto al tumor reactivo:no reactivo. El ensayo de unión realizado demostró que el AcMo conservó su actividad biológica después de marcado

Studies on the Biological Behaviors of Taxol Derivatives / 대한핵의학회잡지

This study was designed to prospect the 'In-labelled paclitaxel as tumor imaging agent. In order to provide a taxol molecule with a functional group which is able to chelate In-lll, taxol-DTPA conjugate and 2-hemisuccinyltaxol were synthesized by esterification of taxol at C-2 on C-13 carbon with DTPA anhydride and succinic anhydride, respectively. Synthesis yield of the taxol derivatives was 34% for taxol- DTPA and 80% for 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol. Cytotoxicity of the taxol derivatives were measured by MTT method toward cell lines HT29, B16, P388, and CT26. The cytotoxic activities of the taxol derivatives were maintained, although less active than taxol. Radiolabelling of the taxol derivatives were proceeded directly with 111InCh or indirectly with 111In-citrate(ligand-exchange method). The ligand-exchane methocl was not suitable because some precipitat:es appeared during the reaction. On the contrary, by direct radiolabelling methnd, we were able to obtain taxol DTPA-111In in 100% radiochemical yield. However, 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol was not labellecl by both methods. Yield and radiochemiral purity of the radiolabelled com- pound were determined by HPI.C, paper chromatography and instant thin layer chromatography. Taxol-DTPA-111In was characterized to be hydrophilic by lipophi- licity test, and nearly non-adhesive to HT29, E316, P388, and CT26 by cell hinding affinity test. Binding affinity of the taxol-DTPA-111In complex to serum proteins was also examined by protein precipitation with 30% trichloroacetic acid. The results showed that 309o of the taxol-DTPA-111In complex binds with serum proteins.

Caracterización cromatográfica de subfracciones antimicrobianas del agua del volcán Copahue (Neuquén, Argentina) / Chromatographic characterization of antimicrobial subfractions from the Copahue Volcano water (Neuquén, Argentine)

Eluciones susivas con distintos solventes del carbón activado, usado como adsorbente del Agua del Volcán Copahue (AVC) permitieron confirmar de nuevo que la extrema acidez de las muestras naturales obtenidas de la vertiente, no es la principal causa del efecto antibiótico, en contacto de breve período en las valoraciones biológicas. Los ensayos cromatográficos, aplicando reactivos microquímicos específicos y modificados, permitieron la detección de los principales compuestos acídicos, a partir de los eluidos residuales sucesivos, respectivamente obtenidos con acetato de etilo y con éter sulfúrico. Con acetato de metanólicos. Se sugiere que el AVC contiene, además de los productos sulfurosos bioactivos, otros elementos que actuarían en forma aditiva o sinérgica en los efectos biocidas y regenerativos, importantes en la crenoterapia

Do comportamento dos glicosaminoglicanos urinários em pacientes portadores de neoplasias da cabeça e pescoço: estudo preliminar / Behavior of urinary glycosaminoglycans in head and neck neoplasms patients: preliminary study

Os glicosaminoglicanos excretados na urina foram estudados por DIETRICH e col (1993) por meio de eletroforese em gel, degradaçao enzimática e cromatografia, em indivíduos adultos sadios e em portadores de neoplasias diversas. Os autores demonstraram que esses compostos, em especial o condroitim sulfato (CS) e o heparam sulfato (HS), estavam alterados nos portadores de neoplasias. No presente trabalho, estudamos o comportamento dos glicosaminoglicanos urinários de 14 pacientes adultos portadores de neoplasias pertencentes à área de abrangência da cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço, comparando-o ao de 27 indivíduos sadios. As amostras isoladas de urina dos 14 pacientes, sendo dez carcinomas espinocelulares, três adenomas e um cordoma, foram colhidas nos períodos pré- e pós-operatórios precoce e tardio. Os seguintes parâmetros foram estudados: a relaçao CS/HS e a porcentagem dos dissacarídeos nao sulfatados, componentes do condroitim sulfato. No período pré-opetatório o primeiro encontrou-se diminuído e o segundo elevado, em relaçao aos valores dos indivíduos normais. No pós-operatório tardio, a porcentagem dos dissacarídeos nao-sulfatados caiu a valores próximos aos dos indivíduos normais nos casos clinicamente sem tumor residual ou recidivado, caracterizando um potencial marcador tumoral útil no seguimento.